The Environmental Social Sciences (ESS) span a range of disciplines (e.g. anthropology, economics, human geography, political science, sociology) and associated analytics for understanding the diverse ways that humans value and interact with non-human nature. ESS includes approaches that focus on individual behaviour and decision making as they relate to the environment, as well as broader structural processes, institutions, and governance. Insights from ESS research help us understand the full complexity of environmental issues, and from this, to develop socially-informed and contextually appropriate solutions.