Who logs illegally and why? Evidence from the Ecuadorian Amazon
Using data from a household survey covering colonist and Indigenous communities in the Ecuadorian Amazon, we have analyzed the socioeconomic determinants of legal and illegal smallholder timber harvesting. The results of a multinomial probit model reveal that non-harvesting households are statistically likely to be poor, to receive nonfarm income, to have smaller areas in primary forest and to reside closer to population centers.